History of Kerala
Kerala
is a 560-km long narrow stretch of land. At the widest, Kerala is a mere 120-km
from the sea to the mountains. Gracing one side of Kerala, are the lofty mountains
ranging high to kiss the sky. And on the other side the land is washed by the
blue Arabian Sea waters. The land is covered with dense tropical forest, fertile
plains, beautiful beaches, cliffs, rocky coasts, an intricate maze of backwaters,
still bays and an astounding 44 glimmering rivers. Kerala's exotic spices have
lured foreigners to her coast from time immemorial.
Earlier, Kerala was made up of three distinct areas. Malabar as far up the coast
as Tellicherry, Cannanore and Kasargode with the tiny pocket-handkerchief French
possession of Mahe nearby (it was returned to India in the early 1950 's and
is now administratively part of Pondicherry). This area belonged to what was
once called the Madras Presidency under the British. The middle section is formed
by the princely State of Cochin; the third comprises Travancore, another princely
State.
Early Inhabitants of Kerala
Archaeologists believe that the first citizens of Kerala were the hunter-gatherers,
the ting Negrito people. These people still inhabit the mountains of southern
India today, consequently, they had a good knowledge of herbal medicine and
were skilled in interpreting natural phenomena. The next race of people in Kerala
were believed to be the Austriches. The Austric people of Kerala are of the
same stock as the present-day Australian Aborigines. They were the people who
laid the foundation of Indian civilizations and introduced the cultivation of
rice and vegetables, which are still part of Kerala scene. They also introduced
snake-worship in Kerala. Traces of such worship and ancient rites have been
found among the Aboriginal tribes of Australia. Austric features can still be
seen fairly and clearly among the people of Kerala today. Then came the Dravidians
(The Mediterranean people). Dravidian absorbed many of the beliefs of the Negrito
and Austric people, but they were strongly inclined to the worship of the Mother
Goddess in all her myriad forms: Protector, Avenger, Bestower of wealth, wisdom
and arts.
The
Dravidians migrated to the southwards, carrying their civilization with them,
though leaving their considerable cultural input on their successors, the Aryans
(Indo - Iranians). But Kerala is still strongly influenced by the Dravidian
culture: urbane, cash-crop and trade oriented, and with strong maternalistic
biases. The Aryans have made a deep impression on Kerala in late proto-historic
times.
Jewish and Arabs trade's were the first to come to Kerala sailing in the ships
to set up trading stations. The Apostle of Christ, St. Thomas is believed to
have come to Muziris in AD 52 and established the first church in Kerala .
Portuguese discovered the sea route to India from Europe when Vasco da gama
landed with his ship near Kappad in Calicut in AD 1498. Slowly the Kerala society
became a mix of people belonging to various sects of Christianity, Islam and
Hinduism. The arrival of Portuguese was followed by the Dutch, the French and
finally the British.The State of Kerala was created on the 1st of November 1956.
The Keralites celebrate this day as 'Kerala piravi' meaning the 'Birth of Kerala'.
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