Delhi's history goes much further back in time than the
13th century. In 1955, excavations at the Purana Qila revealed that the site
was inhabited 3000 years ago. Ware pottery known as Painted Gray Ware and
dated to 1000 BC confirmed this as being yet another site associated with
the epic Mahabharata. The excavations also cut through houses and streets
of the Sultanate, Rajput, post-Gupta, Gupta, Saka-Kushan and Sunga periods,
reaching down to the Mauryan era (300 BC), thus revealing almost continuous
habitaion. The association of Emperor Ashoka (273-36 BC) with Delhi has come
to light with the discovery of a Minor Rock Edict in the locality known as
Srinivaspuri.
A clearer picture of the city emerges from the end of the 10th century, when
the Tomar Rajputs established themselves in the in the Aravalli hills south
of Delhi. The isolated, rocky outcrop facilitated the defence of the royal resort
which the Rajputs called Dhilli or Dhillika. The core of the first of the seven
cities was created by Anangpal Tomar who is said to have built Lal Kot, which
is the first known regular defence work in Delhi. The Chauhan Rajputs later
captured Delhi from the Tomars . Prithviraj III, also known as Rai Pithora,
extended Lal Kot, adding massive ramparts and gates, and made Qila Rai Pithora
the first city of Delhi.
Today, only the ramparts are visible near the Qutub Minar , though the city
is known to have had several Hindu and Jain temples. Prithviraj was ruling Delhi
when Muhammad of Ghur invaded India, and died fighting the invader at the Second
Battle of Tarain in 1192. Ghur returned, but left as his viceroy, his slave
Qutbuddin Aibak.